Rethinking the couvade: cross-cultural evidence

There will be a relationship between protest masculinity and the couvade (907).

Also not in the expected direction. The couvade seems to exist in societies with an absence of protest masculinity.

Test
Test Name	Support	Significance	Coefficient	Tail
Chi square	Supported	p<.001	`UNKNOWN`	`UNKNOWN`

Variables
Variable Name	Variable Type	OCM Term(s)
Couvade	Dependent	Pregnancy, Postnatal Care
Protest Masculinity	Independent	Conversation

Main Author	Published Year	Hypothesis	Supported	Variables Tested
Broude, Gwen J.	1989	The role of the father will be associated with circumcision, the couvade, and protest masculinity (170).	Supported	4	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Broude, Gwen J.	1989	The role of the father will be the most significant predictor of circumcision, the couvade, and protest masculinity (172).	Supported	4	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Munroe, Robert L.	1989	Exclusive mother-infant sleeping arrangements, matrilocal residence, and “protest masculinity” will be positively associated with the couvade (730-731).	Supported	4	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Ember, Carol R.	1994	Conditions of socialization that increase the likelihood of protest masculinity will be positively associated with war (631).	Not Supported	2	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author
Koch, Klaus-Friedrich	1976	A coercive mode of conflict management will be found in societies whose social structure and socialization practices engender the "protest masculinity" syndrome (449).	Not Supported	2	Cite Related Hypotheses More By Author