Universal and variable leadership dimensions across human societies
Evolution and Human Behavior • Vol/Iss. 41(1) • Elsevier Inc. • • Published In • Pages: 397-414 •
By Garfield, Zachary H., Syme, Kristen L., Hagen, Edward H.
Hypothesis
Leaders deploy cognitive, social, material, and somatic capital to provide benefits and impose costs onto followers.
Note
The authors operationalized "cognitive capital", "social capital", "material capital", "somatic capital", "provision of benefits", and "imposition of costs" using their cluster analysis, and then took note of which elements were associated with one another. They found that not all leaders have evidence for high social capital, leaders with cognitive capital provide benefits and impose costs, and somatic capital is rarely mentioned, but when it is, it is associated with providing benefits as well as imposing costs. They also found that shamans are associated with evidence for cognitive capital and imposing costs.
| Test Name | Support | Significance | Coefficient | Tail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descriptive Statistics | Support Claimed | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN | UNKNOWN |
| Variable Name | Variable Type | OCM Term(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Capital | UNKNOWN | Talent Mobility, Manipulative Mobility |
| Social Capital | UNKNOWN | Status, Role, And Prestige |
| Material Capital | UNKNOWN | Accumulation Of Wealth |
| Somatic Capital | UNKNOWN | Anthropometry |
| Leader Provides Benefits | UNKNOWN | Community Heads, Chief Executive |
| Leader Imposes Costs | UNKNOWN | Community Heads, Chief Executive |