Hypotheses
- "social regimes should manifest among groups with and without institutional ownership (434)"; groups with formal resource ownership will exhibit higher slope in the relationship between time in a habitat and population densityFreeman, Jacob - Intensification, tipping points, and social change in a coupled forager-reso..., 2012 - 4 Variables
The authors present a bioeconomic model of hunter-gatherer foraging effort to quantitatively represent forager intensification. Using cross-cultural data, the model is evaluated as a means to better understand variation in residential stability and resource ownership.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Holding population density constant, forager groups should increase the time they spend within a habitat as the rate of resource growth in a habitat declines (434)"Freeman, Jacob - Intensification, tipping points, and social change in a coupled forager-reso..., 2012 - 4 Variables
The authors present a bioeconomic model of hunter-gatherer foraging effort to quantitatively represent forager intensification. Using cross-cultural data, the model is evaluated as a means to better understand variation in residential stability and resource ownership.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The relationship between population density and mean residence time is a positive, increasing curvilinear function (434)"Freeman, Jacob - Intensification, tipping points, and social change in a coupled forager-reso..., 2012 - 3 Variables
The authors present a bioeconomic model of hunter-gatherer foraging effort to quantitatively represent forager intensification. Using cross-cultural data, the model is evaluated as a means to better understand variation in residential stability and resource ownership.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Subsistence type is positively correlated with type of land tenure system.Moritz, Mark - Comparative Study of Territoriality across Forager Societies, 2020 - 4 Variables
Researchers investigated the variation of land tenure systems across forager societies using the economic defensibility model. The study attempted to explain the variation in tenure systems across 30 hunter-gatherer societies. Using data on defense and sharing of resources among groups, and indicators of resource density, resource predictability, and competition for resources, the researchers were unable to explain the variation. This study highlights the vast range of diversity and complexity of foragers subsistence strategies, and proposes that it may be more telling to conceptualize tenure systems among hunter-gatherer societies as assemblages of multiple property regimes. While there was no overall evidence that environmental variables of resource density and predictability explain variation in tenure systems, researchers did find that increasing population density, and greater competition for resources leads to greater territoriality.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Specific patterns of subsistence strategies exist.Ahedo, Virginia - Let's go fishing: A quantitative analysis of subsistence choices with a spec..., 2021 - 5 Variables
In this study, the authors analyze subsistence economies to better understand their variability and success, the role of the environment in different subsistence choices, and the relevance of fishing, specifically in mixed economies. They find regular subsistence patterns, suggesting that not all subsistence combinations are successful. Their findings also indicate that environment influences subsistence choice, mixed economies are common, and that fishing plays a key role in mixed economies.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Number of residential moves per year will be negatively associated with percent contribution to diet through fishing and positively associated with percent contribution to diet through hunting and gathering (61).Marlowe, Frank W. - Hunter-gatherers and human evolution, 2005 - 4 Variables
This article explores the relationships between habitat and social organization among humans and other species. Diet, technology, group size, home range, mobility, kinship, marital residence, sexual division of labor, mating system, central places, food sharing, and egalitarianism are all considered.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Hunting will be will be the least likely subsistence strategy; gathering will be the predominant strategy (42).Lee, Richard B. - What hunters do for a living, or, how to make out on scarce resources, 1968 - 3 Variables
The purpose of this paper is to analyze thesubsistence activities of the Kung Bushmen. These activities are then used as a benchmark for comparing other hunting and gathering societies. A cross-cultural analysis asks: To what extent are the Bushmen typeical of hunter-gatherers in general? Finding suggets that, as a less reliable subsistence source, hunting is only used as the primarily subsistence strategy when there is no alternative viable subsistence strategy. Findings also suggest that hunting is the dominant mode of subsistence only in the highest latitudes.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Slavery will vary by type of subsistenceHrnčíř, Václav - Archaeology of slavery from cross-cultural perspective, 2017 - 12 Variables
The authors examine correlations between slavery and variables that can potentially be detected archaeologically. The authors do not test specific hypotheses, but aim to explore the variables in a broader sense. As such, the authors use a grounded theory approach to data analysis in order to examine trends that emerge from the data itself.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Hunter-gatherers tend to have non-fixed settlements (51, 44).Textor, Robert B. - A Cross-Cultural Summary: Hunter-Gatherers, 1967 - 2 Variables
Textor summarizes cross-cultural findings on societies where subsistence is primarily by 'food gathering' which includes hunting, fishing, and gathering.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Hunter-gatherers tend to have lower social complexity (51,91).Textor, Robert B. - A Cross-Cultural Summary: Hunter-Gatherers, 1967 - 2 Variables
Textor summarizes cross-cultural findings on societies where subsistence is primarily by 'food gathering' which includes hunting, fishing, and gathering.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author