Found 4544 Hypotheses across 455 Pages (0.005 seconds)
  1. "Additive systems do not develop from positional ancestors" (p. 46)Chrisomalis, Stephen - A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation, 2004 - 0 Variables

    In this article, the author suggests a new topology of numerical notation systems. This new typology organizes each system by two axes. The first of these axes is cumulative versus ciphered versus multiplicative and the other is additive versus positional. The author goes on to argue that, considering the intelligibility of number systems even in the absence of knowledge about their associated language, human number systems are a reflection of cognitive processes. Finally, the author uses this new typology to build a theoretical model of numerical system evolution over time. The article concludes with suggestions for utilizing this typology in future cross-cultural research.

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  2. Over time there is an increase in non-cumulative over cumulative systems and of positional over non-positional systems (p. 47)Chrisomalis, Stephen - A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation, 2004 - 0 Variables

    In this article, the author suggests a new topology of numerical notation systems. This new typology organizes each system by two axes. The first of these axes is cumulative versus ciphered versus multiplicative and the other is additive versus positional. The author goes on to argue that, considering the intelligibility of number systems even in the absence of knowledge about their associated language, human number systems are a reflection of cognitive processes. Finally, the author uses this new typology to build a theoretical model of numerical system evolution over time. The article concludes with suggestions for utilizing this typology in future cross-cultural research.

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  3. "Positional systems are not replaced by additive systems" (p. 47)Chrisomalis, Stephen - A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation, 2004 - 0 Variables

    In this article, the author suggests a new topology of numerical notation systems. This new typology organizes each system by two axes. The first of these axes is cumulative versus ciphered versus multiplicative and the other is additive versus positional. The author goes on to argue that, considering the intelligibility of number systems even in the absence of knowledge about their associated language, human number systems are a reflection of cognitive processes. Finally, the author uses this new typology to build a theoretical model of numerical system evolution over time. The article concludes with suggestions for utilizing this typology in future cross-cultural research.

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  4. "Non-cumulative systems are not replaced by cumulative systems" (p. 48)Chrisomalis, Stephen - A Cognitive Typology for Numerical Notation, 2004 - 0 Variables

    In this article, the author suggests a new topology of numerical notation systems. This new typology organizes each system by two axes. The first of these axes is cumulative versus ciphered versus multiplicative and the other is additive versus positional. The author goes on to argue that, considering the intelligibility of number systems even in the absence of knowledge about their associated language, human number systems are a reflection of cognitive processes. Finally, the author uses this new typology to build a theoretical model of numerical system evolution over time. The article concludes with suggestions for utilizing this typology in future cross-cultural research.

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  5. Material complexity will be positively associated with later-stage number terms (23).Overmann, Karenleigh A. - Material scaffolds in numbers and time, 2013 - 2 Variables

    This paper examines the relationship between the complexity of a society's material culture and its development of cognitive technologies for numeration and timekeeping. The researcher claims that the resulting positive correlation between these variables as support for a theory of material culture as 'scaffolding' for number concepts, providing tangible, shareable, manipulable forms for abstract numerical constructions.

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  6. Political integration and the presence of classes are correlated with the presence of Malevolent PractitionersWinkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 3 Variables

    The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.

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  7. "Priest practitioners were present only in sedentary societies with a major reliance upon agriculture or pastoralism"(37)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 4 Variables

    The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.

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  8. "All of the Shamans were in nomadic or seminomadic societies, which generally has hunting and gathering economies" (36)..."However, all of the Shaman/Healers were found in societies with agriculture, and almost all of the Healers were found in societies with political integration beyond the local level" (36)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 5 Variables

    The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.

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  9. "Societies with a single practitioner type were generally hunting and gathering societies; while those with two practitioner types always had agriculture as a major mode of subsistence. The societies with three practitioner types present had agricultural or pastoral economies and, with one exception, political integration beyond the local level. Those societies with four practitioner types present had agriculture and political integration beyond the local level and, with one exception, the presence of classes." (37)Winkelman, Michael James - Magico-religious practitioner types and socioeconomic conditions, 1986 - 0 Variables

    The authors examine the relationship between magico-religious practitioner type and socioeconomic variables in order to present a typology of magico-religious practitioners. Three bases for magico-religious practitioners are discussed in terms of selection procedures and activities. Several hypotheses are empirically tested, and descriptive generalizations derived from analyses are presented.

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  10. Users of language systems with differing (relative vs. absolute) linguistic frames of reference will use correspondingly relative or absolute nonlinguistic spatial problem-solving strategies (574).Pederson, Eric - Semantic typology and spatial conceptualization, 1998 - 2 Variables

    The authors design and implement two tasks requiring linguistic and non-linguistic spatial reference across a linguistically-diverse sample in order to examine the relationship between language and cognition cross-culturally. The results, which indicate large conceptual variation in frame of spatial reference across as well as strong correlation between use of absolute descriptors and absolute cognitive representations within language communities, suggest that language structure may actively shape the systems of spatial representation available to different cultural groups.

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