Hypotheses
- In correlating descent with prevailing subsistence economy the distribution of cases refutes two evolutionary 19th century assumptions: 1) Matrilineal priority--there was only 1 case in 25 of matrilineal descent among hunter-gatherers 2) unilinear descent during the millenia when men subsisted by food-gathering in absence of agriculture and animal husbandry. 84 percent of hunter-gatherers are characterized by cognatic descent (275)Murdock, George Peter - Settlement patterns and community organization: cross-cultural codes 3, 1972 - 2 Variables
This article investigates residence, descent rules, and family structure. Empirical analysis suggests that they are associated with settlement patterns, particularly economic and demographic variables.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "The following variables of societal organization significantly distinguish monogamous from polygynous societies: (1) type of subsistence economy; (2) system of social stratification; (3) level of political integration; (4) pattern of settlement . . ." (10)Osmond, Marie W. - Toward monogamy: a cross-cultural study of correlates of type of marriage, 1965 - 5 Variables
This study presents a sociological theory of marriage type based on socioeconomic organization. Results suggest that intensive agriculture, more stratification, greater political integration, a fixed settlement pattern, a larger population, and greater labor specialization tended to be correlates of monogamy.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Controlling on economic and political factors, the effect of marital residence and descent on sexual dominance will approach zero (679)Johnson, G. David - A cross-cultural test of Collins’ theory of sexual stratification, 1982 - 6 Variables
This article tests Randall Collin's 1975 theory that political-economic factors, rather than family/kinship factors, predict the degree of sexual stratification in a given society. A multivariate model is tested and findings contradict the theory.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Controlling on marital residence and descent, the effect of economic and political factors to sexual dominance will approach zero (680)Johnson, G. David - A cross-cultural test of Collins’ theory of sexual stratification, 1982 - 6 Variables
This article tests Randall Collin's 1975 theory that political-economic factors, rather than family/kinship factors, predict the degree of sexual stratification in a given society. A multivariate model is tested and findings contradict the theory.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "Societies with gathering, hunting, and pastoral economies tend to be nomadic or seminomadic [while societies with fishing, horticulture and agriculture economies tend to be semisedentary or sedentary]" (144)Murdock, George Peter - Correlations of exploitative and settlement patterns, 1969 - 2 Variables
This study examines relationships between subsistence type, population size, and sedentarism. Hunting, gathering, fishing, and herding societies tend to be smaller than horticultural and agricultural societies. Horticulture, agriculture, and fishing societies tend to be more sedentary.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "[In factor analysis of Murdock's WES, for factor deviant patricentered organization variables loading heavily are] patrilineal descent and kindreds unreported, patrilineal succession other than Br or So or preference unspecified, and hunting-gathering important but not dominant" (335)Driver, Harold E. - Correlational analysis of murdock's 1957 ethnographic sample, 1967 - 4 Variables
This paper "reduces Murdock's 210 categories to 30 variables, and intercorrelates and factor analyzes the variables for six world subdivisions as well as for the entire world." This article also discusses factor analysis as a method and examines the correlations more closely between the two regions that differed the most, North America and the Circum-Mediterranean.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - ". . . peoples with lineage nomenclatures . . . have or have had, unilineal descent . . . raise domesticated plants or animals or both . . . have at least some individual ownership and inheritance of strategic resources . . . and some differences in rank among members of a kin group . . . " (46-47)Dole, Gertrude E. - The lineage pattern of kinship nomenclature: its significance and development, 1965 - 6 Variables
This paper investigates correlations between social structure and the pattern of kindship nomenclature. Results suggest that lineage nomenclatures are associated with several aspects of social structure, including unilineal descent, the domestication of plants and animals and inheritance.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Population pressure, indicated by above-median population density for a given subsistence type, will be positively associated with warfare (27).Nolan, Patrick D. - Toward an ecological-evolutionary theory of the incidence of warfare in prei..., 2003 - 2 Variables
This article reassesses the question of relative peacefulness/violence of preindustrial societies. It tests two materialist theories suggesting that more advanced subsistence techniques and population pressure will increase the likelihood of warfare.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - Societies with a hunting-gathering subsistence base will be patrilocal and patrilineal (185).Martin, M. Kay - Female of the species, 1975 - 9 Variables
This book discusses the role of women cross-culturally. The authors use a cross-cultural sample to examine the differences between men and women in contribution to subsistence as well as the social juxtaposition of the sexes in foraging, horticultural, agricultural, pastoral, and industrial societies.
Related Hypotheses Cite More By Author - "There will be more health-care and social security relationships reported for matrilineal than for patrilineal systems" (83).Jankowiak, William - Co-wife conflict and co-operation, 2005 - 2 Variables
This article offers an exploratory study of the structural and psychological influences related co-wife conflict and cooperation.
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