Adolescence: an anthropological inquiry

The Free Press • New York • Published In • Pages: 262 •
By Schlegel, Alice, Barry III, Herbert

Abstract

This book discusses the characteristics of adolescence cross-culturally and examines the differences in the adolescent experience for males and females. Several relationships are tested in order to gain an understanding of cross-cultural patterns in adolescence.

Samples

Sample Used Coded Data Comment
Standard Cross Cultural Sample (SCCS)Researchers Own

Hypotheses (81)

HypothesisSupported
Contact between adolescent boys and one parent will be positively associated with contact with the other parent (49).Supported
Contact between boys and their fathers will be positively associated with contact between girls and their mothers (49).Supported
Contact between girls and their fathers will be positively associated with contact between boys and their mothers (49).Supported
Contact between adolescent boys and their fathers will be positively associated with subordination to them (50).Supported
Subordination of an adolescent boy to an older brother will be positively associated with child care of the boy by that brother (52).Not Supported
Contact between adolescent boys and fathers will be more prevalent in foraging societies (57).Supported
Subordination of sons to their fathers will be more prevalent in pastoral and agricultural societies (57).Supported
Subordination of daughters to their fathers will be more prevalent in agricultural and pastoral societies (57).Supported
Subordination of adolescent boys to their fathers will be more prevalent in patrilocal residence systems (58).Supported
Subordination of adolescent girls to their fathers will be more prevalent in patrilocal residence systems (58).Supported
Father-son conflict will be less prevalent in extended family households (59).Not Supported
Choice of spouse by adolescent boys will be negatively associated with subordination to their fathers (59).Supported
Subordination of adolescent boys to their fathers will be more likely where marriage exchanges occur (60).Supported
Subordination of adolescent girls to their fathers will be more prevalent where marriage exchanges occur (60).Supported
In boys, absence of peer bonding as a consequence of adolescent initiation will be positively associated with absence of family separation (72).Supported
Boys who experience family separation during adolescence will be more likely to spend time with peer-groups (73).Supported
Adolescent boys who spend more time with a peer-group during adolescence will be more likely to assign the peer group higher importance (73).Supported
Adolescent girls who spend time with peers above the median will be less likely to have contact with their mothers (73).Supported
Importance of peer group among adolescent boys will be positively associated with separation from the family (73).Supported
Importance of peer group among adolescent boys will be negatively associated with father-son contact (74).Supported
Importance of peer group will be associated with subsistence economy (76).Not Supported
Competition with peers among boys will be associated with subsistence economy (76).Supported
Importance of boys' peer group will be positively associated with fixity of settlement (77).Supported
Size of boys' peer group will be positively associated with community size (78).Supported
Peer group size will be positively associated with level of political integration (77).Supported
Age range of boys' peer groups will be positively correlated with social stratification (79).Supported
Public recognition of boys' peer groups will be positively associated with fixity of settlement (79).Supported
Public recognition of boys' peer groups will be positively associated with level of political integration (79).Supported
Adolescent military activity among boys will be positively associated with fixity of settlement (80).Supported
Antisocial behavior among adolescent boys will be negatively associated with participation in military activities (80)Not Supported
Antisocial behavior among adolescent boys will be negatively associated with participation in religious activities (80).Not Supported
Competitiveness will be positively associated with participation in military activities among adolescent boys (80).Supported
Fixity of settlement will be positively associated with adolescent participation in religious activities (80).Supported
Community size will be positively associated with adolescent participation in religious activity (80).Supported
Importance of peer group among adolescents will be positively associated with cooperativeness (82).Supported
Size of adolescent peer group will be positively associated with cooperation (82).Supported
Importance of adolescent peer group will be positively associated with competition (82).Partially Supported
Later ending of adolescence is positively associated with marriage transactions (101).Supported
Kin control over marriage is positively associated with marriage transactions (104).Supported
End of adolescence among girls is concordant with end of adolescence among boys (104).Supported
Late end of adolescence in boys will be positively associated with male-centered residence pattern (105).Supported
Frequency of adultery will be positively associated with adolescent sexual freedom (109).Supported
Presence of a double standard for female adultery will be negatively associated with adolescent sexual freedom (109).Supported
Later end of adolescence among girls will be positively associated with restrictions on premarital sex (113).Supported
Presence of marriage transactions will be positively associated with restrictions on female premarital intercourse (113).Supported
The negative association between marriage transactions and permissiveness toward female premarital sex will be more likely in societies in which adolescence ends early (117).Partially supported
Adolescent girls' subordination to their mothers will be positively associated with restrictiveness of premarital sex norms (119).Supported
Restrictiveness of premarital sex norms will be positively associated with aggression (120).Not Supported
Competitiveness in adolescent males will be negatively associated with restrictiveness of premarital sex norms (120).Not Supported
Kin control over marriage will be positively associated with restrictiveness of premarital sex norms (120).Supported
Restrictiveness of premarital sex norms for adolescent girls will be concordant with restrictiveness of premarital sex norms for adolescent boys (121).Supported
Permission of homosexual behavior among boys is positively associated with permission of homosexual behavior among girls (127).Supported
Permissiveness of attitude toward adolescent male homosexual behavior will be positively associated with permissiveness of attitude toward adult male homosexual behavior (128).Supported
Presence of adolescent initiation ceremonies will be positively associated with acceptance of adolescent homosexual behavior (128).Supported
Expectation of antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be negatively correlated with adult men as principal companions (136).Supported
Expectation of antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be negatively associated with training in productive work (137).Supported
Expectation of antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be positively associated with time spent in peer activity (137).Supported
Expected antisocial behavior will be associated with recognition of adolescence as a new stage, including various demands made of adolescents in anticipation of adulthood.Supported
Expectation of antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be associated with harsh socialization of infants and children (140).Supported
Violent antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be associated with non-indulgent socialization (142).Supported
Violent antisocial behavior in adolescent boys will be associated with high competition, low cooperation peer activities and inculcation of certain personality traits (142).Supported
Violent antisocial behavior among adolescent boys will be associated with adult men who share vocation and provide an example of antisocial behavior (143).Supported
Theft as antisocial adolescent behavior will be associated with indulgent socialization (143).Supported
Theft as antisocial behavior will be positively associated with expectations of owning, but negatively associated with training in use of productive property (143).Supported
Incidence of sexual deviance will be predicted by certain types of antecedent socialization (146).Partially supported
Incidence of sexual deviance will be predicted by certain characteristics of adolescence and adulthood (146).Partially Supported
Greater incidence of antisocial behavior in adolescents than in adults will be predicted by certain socialization practices (148).Partially supported
Greater incidence of antisocial behavior in adolescents than in adults will be predicted by certain characteristics of adolescence (148).Partially supported
Adolescents running away from difficult situations will be associated with certain antecedent socialization practices (151).Partially supported
Adolescents running away from difficult situations will be predicted by certain characteristics of adolescence (150).Partially supported
Inculcation of obedience will be associated with certain societal characteristics (160).Partially supported
Inculcation of achievement will be associated with certain societal characteristics (161).Partially supported
Inculcation of competitiveness will be associated with certain societal traits (162).Partially supported
Inculcation of aggression will be associated with certain societal variables (163).Partially supported
Inculcation for sexual restraint will be predicted by certain societal variables (164).Partially supported
Inculcation of self-reliance will be predicted by subsistence activity (165).Partially supported
Personality traits in adolescents will be predicted by inculcation for those traits in childhood (167).Partially supported
Contact between infants and their parents will be positively associated with contact between adolescents and their parents (170).Partially supported
Peer contact in adolescence will be positively associated with peer contact in childhood (171).Partially supported
Greater separation of adolescents from adults will be associated with sharp differentiation of adolescence from earlier and later life stages (179).Partially supported
Cultural attitudes towards children will be positively associated with attitudes towards adolescents (180).Partially supported
Documents and Hypotheses Filed By: Megan Farrer  jack.dunnington  erik.ringen